
High
voltage transformers convert votages from one level or phase
configuration to another, usually from higher to lower. They can include
features for electrical isolation, power distribution, and control and
instrumentation applications. High voltage transformers usually depend
on the principle of magnetic induction between coils to convert voltage
and/or current levels.
High
voltage transformers can be configured as either a single-phase primary
configuration or a three-phase configuration. The size and cost of a
transformer increases when you move down the listing of primary
windings. Single-phase primary configurations include single, dual, quad
(2+2), 5-lead, and ladder. A 5-Lead primary requires more copper than a
Quad (2+2) primary. A Ladder is the least economical primary
configuration. Three-phase transformers are connected in delta or wye
configurations. A wye-delta transformer has its primary winding
connected in a wye and its secondary winding connected in a delta. A
delta-wye transformer has its primary winding connected in delta and its
secondary winding connected in a wye. Three phase configuration choices
include delta - delta, delta - wye (Y), wye (Y) – wye (Y), wye (Y) –
delta, wye (Y) – single-phase, delta – single phase, and international.
Primary frequencies of incoming voltage signal to primaries available
for power transformers include 50 Hz, 60 Hz, and 400 Hz. 50 Hz is common
for European power. 60 Hz is common in North American power. 400 Hz is
most widely used in aerospace applications. The maximum primary voltage
rating is another important parameter to consider. A transformer should
be provided with more than one primary winding if it is to be used for
several nominal voltages.
Other important specifications to
consider when searching for high voltage transformers include maximum
secondary voltage rating, maximum secondary current rating, maximum
power rating, and output type. A transformer may provide more than one
secondary voltage value. The Rated Power of the transformer is the sum
of the VA (Volts x Amps) for all of the secondary windings. Output
choices include AC or DC. For Alternating Current waveform output,
voltage the values are typically given in RMS values. Consult
manufacturer for waveform options. For direct current secondary voltage
output, consult manufacturer for type of rectification.
High
voltage transformers can be constructed as either a toroidal or
laminated transformer. Toroidal transformers typically have copper wire
wrapped around a cylindrical core so the magnetic flux, which occurs
within the coil, doesn't leak out, the coil efficiency is good, and the
magnetic flux has little influence on other components. Laminated
transformers contain laminated-steel cores; they are also called E-I
transformers. These steel laminations are insulated with a nonconducting
material, such as varnish, and then formed into a core that reduce
electrical losses. Power transformers can be one of many types. These
include autotransformer, control transformer, current transformer,
distribution transformer, general-purpose transformer, instrument
transformer, isolation transformer, potential (voltage) transformer,
power transformer, step-up transformer, and step-down transformer.
Mountings available for high voltage transformers include chassis mount,
dish or disk mount, enclosure or free standing, h frame, and PCB mount.
source : www.electricityforum.com
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